Using holographic techniques, researchers have improved x-ray imaging by 2500%. Article linked here.
In a nutshell, they are using an array of pinholes to create a pattern against the signal received from a reference beam. The result: a holographic image that can be decoded numerically. If you visit the web site, you can see some sample pictures. Presumably, with sufficient processing power, they could do high volume advanced imaging at a tiny scale. However, at first read, it appears that the sample must be small as well. (i.e. not part of a larger object that cannot be damaged.) But, hey, it’s version 1.
Not sure where this will be used yet, but odds are someone has already had a eureka moment for an application.